By Mark Montgomery
ISBN-10: 082133123X
ISBN-13: 9780821331231
Read or Download The tradeoff between number of children and child schooling: evidence from Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana PDF
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Additional info for The tradeoff between number of children and child schooling: evidence from Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana
Sample text
Parents then begin to view schooling as an avenue to a better life for their children, and as a human capital investment which may over the long term pay dividends to the parents themselves. Yet education is costly both in terms of direct costs and opportunity costs of foregone child labor; it is generally too costly for parents to give each child schooling and continue to bear the number of children appropriate to traditional circumstances. Some element of household expenditures must give way, and typically fertility falls as household investments in education per child increase.
Thus, in the within-household bargaining over resources, educated women may be able to claim a greater share for their children. The simple economic model suggests that women's education should exert a negative influence on fertility; it has little to say about an impact on child schooling investments. To the extent that education is associated with higher wages, the implied income effect may serve to increase schooling per child. Caldwell's view, by contrast, suggests that women's educational attainment is linked to changing standards in respect to child care and child investments, including schooling.
That is, F and S are positively associated. If one were to plot F and S in a quantity-quality diagram analogous to Figures 1 and 2, the plot would show no evidence of a quantity-quality tradeoff. When income is in the range in which F is inferior and S is normal, however, F and S are negatively associated and a quantity-quality tradeoff emerges in response to income growth. This discussion illustrates one key point. In seeking to understand the root causes of a quantity-quality tradeoff, we search for exogenous covariates having effects on F and S that are of different sign.